Introduction: Energy recovery
from waste, also known as the process that involves generating electricity or
heat by treating and processing various types of materials.This approach helps
to mitigate the environmental impact of waste disposal while also providing a
potential source of renewable energy.
Energy
Source Plan:
Why do we recover
energy from waste?
Because the technology comes
in role in mitigating the problems, like as
1. Crisis of energy
2. Increasing waste
material
3. Waste Impacts
4. Population
Population
Increase from 2000 - 2023:
2000-23, from the population of Bangladesh has grown at a rate of 1.50% making Bangladesh densely populated. Cities have become densely populated. Especially in Dhaka, Bangladesh, the population is increasing day by day. The main reason is that everyone is moving towards the capital for employment. As a result of which various types of pollution are occurring, and then day by day people are suffering from various diseases due to environmental disaster in Dhaka City.
Waste
Increase from 2000-2023:
During 2000 - 2023, it
is reasonable to assume that the percentage of waste generation will increase
enormously due to population growth, urbanization and industrialization in
Bangladesh. Bangladesh faces significant challenges in its waste management due
to inadequate infrastructure and limited resources. Rapid urbanization has
increased waste generation, especially in large cities such as Dhaka,
Chittagong and Khulna .Growth of industries, commercial establishments and
population density further contribute to the problem. In recent years, the
Government of Bangladesh has recognized the importance of waste management and
has taken steps to improve the situation. Efforts have been made to establish
waste management systems, promote recycling and composting and raise awareness
about proper waste disposal. Additionally initiatives have been launched to
reduce single use plastics and promote sustainable practces.The mayors of North
City and Dhaka South City has taken considerable intiatives to produce
electricity from garbage.
Waste has numerous
impacts on Earth effecting both the environment and human health. Here are some
of the key impacts of waste.
Pollution: Improper
disposal of waste leads to pollution of various environments all components. For
example when organic waste decomposes in landfills, it produces methane a
potent green house gas contributing to climate change. Dumping of hazardous
waste sources can contaminate soil and water source, posing risks to ecosystem
and human health.
Land
degradation:
Landfills occupy large areas of land, causing degradation and loss of valuable
habitats. Waste disposal sites can leak pollutants into the soil potentially
contaminating ground water supplies. This can have long lasting negative
effects on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Water
Polution: Improperly managed waste can
contaminate water bodies, including rivers, lakes and oceans. Chemical and
toxins from waste can leach into water sources endangering aquatic life and
compromising water quality .This pollution affects both maine ecosystems and
the availability of safe drinking water for human.
Air
Pollution:
Burning of waste particularly in open air or uncontrolled in cineration process
releases harmfull pollutants into the air .These pollutants include green house
gases toxic chemicals and particulate matter contributing to air pollution and
impacting both human health and the climate.
Health
Risks:
Improper waste management can lead to various health hazards .Exposure to
hazardous waste can cause respiratory problems, skin diseases, birth defects and
other serious health issues. Waste related pollution, such as contaminated
water or air can also lead to the spread of diseases and illnesses.
Impact
on wildlife: Improperly disposed waste particularly
plastics can harm wildlife through ingestion or entanglement. Animals may
mistake plastic items for food, leading to internal injuries for or even death.
Marine animals are particularly vulnerable to plastic pollution in the oceans
with numerous cases of entangled marine life and ingestion of microplastics
So addressing the
impacts of waste requires a comprehensive approach including waste reduction,
recycling, proper disposal and the adoption of sustainable practices throughout
the life cycle of products.
Waste
Matrial:
Some type of Materials
1. Tires, Medical waste,
Auto residue, Appliances, Paints, Coal Fines
2. Oil Waste, Old
Furniture, Industrial sludge, Plastics, Other Material.
Waste
to Electricity Generation Process:
Waste
Collection:
Municipal
Solid waste or other types of waste, Such as agricultural waste, industrial
waste or sewage sludge are collected and transported to a waste treadment
facility.
Waste
Sorting:
Upon arrival at the facility, the waste is sorted to remove recyclable material;
hazardous waste and non-combustible items.Recyclables are sent for recycling, while
hazardous waste is disposed of separately.
Waste
Preparation: The remaining waste is shredded or
processed to achive a consistent particle size which optimizes the combustion
process.
Combustion:
The waste is then subjected to high temperature treatment through either
combustion. Then choice between these methods depends on the type and
composition of the waste. In the process waste is burned in a combustion
chamber Generating heat .The heat is used to produce high –pressure steam, which
drives a turbine connected to a generator, thereby producing electricity.
Energy
Recovery: The heat produced
during combustion can be utilized for other purposes, such as hot water heating
or industrial processes, increasing overall energy efficiency.
Emission
Control:
To minimize environmental impact, waste energy plants employ various emission
control technologies including scrubbers, filters and catalytic converters to
remove pollutants such as particulate matter sulfur dioxide, NO2 and
heavy metals from the exhaust gases.
Ash
Disposal:
After the combustion process the remaining ash, which is mostly inorganic and
non-combustible is collected and disposed of in a controlled manner often in
designated landfills.
Local
Advantages: Reduces costs and risks associated with
landfills.
1. Additional source of revenue.
2. Stimulates your local economy
3. Creates job, money stays at home
4. Reduces petroleum dependence
5. Helps meet alternative fuel mandates.
Environment advantages: This process does not generate residual waste, thereby eliminating the need for new landfills. Ground water the risk of contaminated ground water is eliminated. Air and water emissions are below EPA standards. The energy produced by the process is recovered from discarded materials.
Conclusion:
If a country generates electricity by using these technologies then it’s one of
the best economical solutions. Seen after all the problems around the world, work
will start on this. The only way to produce power from waste efficiency is to
use combined cycle gas steam turbine. The technology of generating electricity
is well to show the environment clean.
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